Abraham Lincoln人生的每个阶段对应一个八边形。八条轴各按书面评分标准、依据附有出处的书面证据打0至5分;没有证据的轴是空缺,不是零分。没有总分,也没有理想形状:它是一份概况,不是排名。外貌和性格不是轴,因为无法依据证据评分。
President, 1861-18651861–1865Led the Union through the Civil War, issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and secured congressional passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, while suspending habeas corpus and approving the Dakota executions.
没有总分,也没有理想形状:轴越长表示该项越多,因此“不当行为”轴越长,表示有记录的不当行为越多。
评分、标准与来源
01学历0.5分(满分5分)
置信度高Under 12 months of formal schooling by age 15, self-taught; read law on his own and was admitted to the Illinois bar on September 9, 1836.[1]当时已达到的最高学历:1 中学,2 大学肄业,3 学士,4 硕士或专业学位,5 博士。
02财富无证据
净资产或收入相对于当时全国标准:1 低于家庭中位水平,3 前5%,5 前0.1%。
03职位5分(满分5分)
置信度高Sixteenth president and commander in chief; won 39.8% and 180 electoral votes in 1860 and about 55% and 212 of 233 electoral votes in 1864.[5]所任职务的层级:1 入门级,3 高级经理或立法者,5 国家元首或政府首脑,或主要机构的最高职务。
置信度中等The Emancipation Proclamation recognized the freedom of about 3.5 million enslaved people and the Thirteenth Amendment (House 119-56) abolished slavery; offset by suspension of habeas corpus, the draft and the approval of 38 Dakota executions.[5]该阶段其所作所为对健康、安全、教育、权利和环境的评估影响,依据官方统计或同行评议证据:0 明显有害,2.5 好坏参半,5 明显有益。
08经济效益3.5分(满分5分)
置信度低Homestead Act (160 acres), Morrill Land-Grant Act, Pacific Railway Acts, national banking acts, greenbacks (about $450 million circulating) and income tax (about one-fifth of revenue) built long-run institutions; national debt rose from $65 million (1860) to $2 billion (1866) in wartime.[5]该阶段其所作所为对效率、增长和财政可持续性的评估影响,依据国会预算办公室(CBO)和同行评议证据,同对社会是否有益的评估:0 明显有害,2.5 好坏参半,5 明显有益。
Federal land grants funding state agricultural and mechanical colleges.
+1.0评估的影响 · 置信度中等
增长
+1.0
Ehrlich, Cook & Yin (Journal of Human Capital 2018): a difference-in-differences comparison with the UK finds the Morrill Act land-grant system produced sizeable educational and economic returns.