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The London Transport Museum and Britannica[4] both date the Metropolitan Railway's opening between Paddington and Farringdon to January 10, 1863.
The Metropolitan Railway opened between Paddington and Farringdon on January 10, 1863, the world's first underground railway and the ancestor of every metro system shown in Moving Millions Every Day.
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The article's infobox gives the year only - established 1864 - so the pin takes that year's last day.[1]
Quanjude opened in 1864 and made its name on a method: hanging the ducks in an open oven over fruitwood rather than closing them in, which crisps the skin differently. The dish it standardised is the one the world now calls Peking duck, and the carving at the table is part of it.
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The Paris[3] sewer museum's own history page states tours "began in 1867, during the World's Fair" without naming an exact day, so the pin uses the Fair's opening date.
During the 1867 Exposition Universelle, Paris opened Baron Haussmann's newly rebuilt sewer network to public tours for the first time, turning Eugène Belgrand's engineering into a civic showcase.
St. Petersburg State University, Менделеевская линия, округ № 7, Saint Petersburg, Northwestern Federal District, 199034, RussiaRussian Chemical Society
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Wikipedia's[2][3] Dmitri Mendeleev article states it plainly: "On 6 March 1869, he made a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society, titled The Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements". Russia was still on the Julian calendar, so contemporary Russian sources date the work to February; the manuscript sheet on Commons is signed 17.02.1869, the Julian date for 1 March, and the pin uses the Gregorian date Wikipedia gives for the presentation itself.
Dmitri Mendeleev's paper The Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements is read to the Russian Chemical Society in St Petersburg, arranging the known elements by atomic weight and valence and leaving gaps for elements not yet found.
Suez Canal Authority, شارع الجمهوريه, الدائرة الجمركية, سيريا, بورسعيد, 42529, مصرSuez Canal Authority
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The Suez Canal[2] Authority, Wikipedia[3], HISTORY.com[1] and EBSCO[6] all give 17 November 1869 for the inauguration; the ceremonies had begun on the evening of 15 November, and the first ship procession entered on the morning of 17 November.
The Suez Canal was inaugurated on 17 November 1869, linking the Mediterranean and the Red Sea after ten years of digging. A procession of ships headed by the French imperial yacht L'Aigle, carrying Empress Eugenie, entered the canal at Port Said.
Nowroji Ferdonji Street, Apollo Bandar, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaLeopold Cafe
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Wikipedia[1] gives the year only - "The Leopold Cafe was founded in 1871 by Iranis" - and its infobox agrees, with no month or day, so the pin sits on that year's last day.
Leopold Cafe was founded in Colaba in 1871 by Irani immigrants, part of the wave of Zoroastrian cafes that shaped how Bombay eats out, and has outlasted almost all of them. It became a fixture for travellers along the Causeway, and was one of the sites attacked in November 2008 - it reopened days afterwards and kept the bullet marks in its walls.
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Happened as dated, per the source[1]: "Brooklyn Bridge opens | May 24, 1883".
New York's Brooklyn Bridge opened to the public, completing a 13-year construction effort that Emily Warren Roebling steered to completion after her husband was incapacitated by decompression sickness.
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The source[1] names the day and the hour of the largest blast: "On 27 August, the island had its most significant eruption ... the third explosion of that day, that occurred at 10:02 a.m., remains the loudest-known sound in history."
The third explosion of 27 August 1883 destroyed over 70% of the island and remains the loudest sound in recorded history, audible in Perth and near Mauritius. The eruption and its tsunamis killed at least 36,417 people.
Paris Gare de l'Est, Place du 11 Novembre 1918, Quartier Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris 10e Arrondissement, Paris, Île-de-France, France métropolitaine, 75010, FranceCompagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits
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Wikipedia's[1][2][4] Orient Express[3] article dates the extension to Giurgiu and onward to Constantinople to 4 October 1883, and its Gare de l'Est article records the first Orient Express departure that day; the first Paris-Vienna run was 5 June 1883.
On 4 October 1883 the Express d'Orient, run by Wagons-Lits, began its through service from Paris to Constantinople, the start of the legendary Orient Express.
Marine Parade, Watsons Bay, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaDoyles on the Beach
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The article's infobox gives the year only - established 1885 - with no month or day, so the pin takes that year's last day.[1]
The Doyle family began selling fish on the sand at Watsons Bay in 1885, looking back across the harbour at the city, and the business has stayed in the family for five generations - one of the oldest restaurants in Australia still run by the people whose name is on it.
Neuschwansteinstraße, Hohenschwangau, Schwangau, Bavaria, Germany
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Happened as dated, per the source[1]: "was opened to the public from 1 August 1886".
Bavaria's unfinished fairy-tale castle, built for King Ludwig II and left incomplete at his sudden death, opened to paying visitors for the first time.
Statue of Liberty, Liberty Island, New York, NY 10004, USA
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Happened as dated, per the source[1]: "on October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty".
President Grover Cleveland dedicates Frédéric Bartholdi's monumental copper figure on Bedloe's Island, capping a decade of Franco-American fundraising and engineering.
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Happened as dated, per the source[1]: "opened to the public in Washington, D.C., on this day in history, Oct. 9, 1888".
After decades of stalled funding and a visible change in stone partway up its shaft, the Washington Monument finally opened its doors to visitors in 1888.
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History.com[4] and the Eiffel Tower’s own history page date the structure’s completion and dedication ceremony to 31 March 1889.
Gustave Eiffel’s engineering firm finished the Eiffel Tower in Paris after just over two years of construction, built as the entrance arch for the 1889 Exposition Universelle. The 300-metre iron lattice tower was the tallest man-made structure in the world at the time.
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Network Rail[4] confirms the Prince of Wales formally opened the Forth Bridge on 4 March 1890.
The Forth Bridge, a railway cantilever spanning the Firth of Forth in Scotland, was formally opened by the Prince of Wales on 4 March 1890, some months after the structure itself was finished in November 1889. Designed by John Fowler and Benjamin Baker and built by Sir William Arrol & Co., it was Britain's first major all-steel structure and the world's longest cantilever bridge span.
Buckhorn Exchange, 1000, Osage Street, La Alma–Lincoln Park, Denver, Colorado, 80204, United StatesBuckhorn Exchange
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The article's infobox gives the exact day, 17 November 1893.[1]
Henry Zietz opened the Buckhorn Exchange on 17 November 1893 across from the rail yards, and it holds Colorado liquor licence number one. The walls carry several hundred mounted animals and the menu still runs to elk, buffalo and rattlesnake.
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The article gives the founding year only - established 1894 - so the pin sits on that year's last day.[1]
Confeitaria Colombo opened in 1894 and fitted itself out like a Parisian tea room transplanted to the tropics - Belgian mirrors, Italian marble, a jacaranda counter and a stained-glass skylight over the hall. It became the meeting room of Rio's belle epoque and is now listed as heritage.
3 Carrer de Montsió, Gothic Quarter, Ciutat Vella, Barcelona, SpainEls Quatre Gats
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Wikipedia[1] states the day outright: "The café opened on 12 June 1897 in the celebrated Casa Martí".
The café that became the meeting room of Catalan modernisme opened on 12 June 1897 in the Casa Martí, a Puig i Cadafalch building in the Gothic Quarter. It lasted only six years in its first run, but in them it hosted Picasso's first solo exhibition and the circle around Rusiñol and Casas - and he drew its menu card.
The Birthplace Of Pepsi Cola, 256, Middle Street, Craven Terrace, New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina, 28560, United StatesPepsiCo
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The North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources writes "On August 28, 1898, 'Pepsi-Cola' got its name"; the New Bern Historical[2] Society republishes the same item and Wikipedia[3] says Bradham "coined the name 'Pepsi-Cola' in 1898".
On 28 August 1898 New Bern, North Carolina, pharmacist Caleb Bradham renamed his carbonated "Brad's Drink" as Pepsi-Cola, the name from which PepsiCo takes its own.
Institut de France, Rue de Seine, Quartier de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 6th Arrondissement, Paris, Ile-de-France, Metropolitan France, 75006, FranceFrench Academy of Sciences
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Wikipedia's[2] Radium article dates both steps: "Radium was discovered by Marie Sklodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Curie on 21 December 1898 in a uraninite (pitchblende) sample from Jachymov" and "The Curies announced their discovery to the French Academy of Sciences on 26 December 1898". The pin is the announcement, the public event of the two.
Marie and Pierre Curie announce radium to the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, five days after isolating it from pitchblende ore mined at Jachymov. It is the second element they identify that year, after polonium.
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RATP's[3] own history page gives 19 July 1900 as the inauguration date of the first métro line; EarthSky's[2] science-history article gives June 19, 1900, a month early.
The Paris Métro's first line opened to the public on 19 July 1900, running between Porte Maillot and Porte de Vincennes.
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The source[1] says the system "peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 145 mph (235 km/h) on September 8" and "made landfall around 8:00 p.m." that evening — about 02:00 UTC on 9 September. The storm is known by its local date of 8 September.
A Category 4 hurricane drove a storm surge of over 15 ft across Galveston Island, killing between 6,000 and 12,000 people. It remains the deadliest natural disaster in United States history.
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Wikipedia’s[2][3] USS Holland (SS-1) article dates her US Navy commissioning to 12 October 1900.
The US Navy commissioned USS Holland (SS-1), designed by Irish-American engineer John Philip Holland, becoming the first submarine in an unbroken line of US Navy submarines.
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Wikipedia[1] states "It was established in 1900" and gives no month or day, so the pin sits on that year's last day. It is placed at a Shanghai[2] branch of the restaurant rather than the original premises.
The house that made xiaolongbao a Shanghai export was established in 1900, selling the thin-skinned soup dumplings that had been developed in Nanxiang town on the city's edge a couple of decades earlier. Queues for them became a fixture of the old city, and the name is now on branches across Shanghai and abroad.
Theatercaféen, Klingenberggata, Vika, Sentrum, Oslo 0161, NorwayTheatercaféen
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The article states "Theatercaféen opened in 1900" without a month or day, so the pin sits on that year's last day.[1]
Theatercaféen opened in 1900 across the street from Oslo's National Theatre and became the room where Norwegian actors, writers and politicians ate after curtain - a Viennese-style café with a gallery, caricatures of its regulars on the walls and live music from a balcony.
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Wikipedia[2] says the company "was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903" and This Day in Automotive History[1] says the papers dated June 16, 1903 were signed that morning, though they reached the state office the next day, so June 17 was when it became a legal company; the pin uses the signing date.
On 16 June 1903 in Detroit Henry Ford and a group of investors signed the incorporation papers for Ford Motor Company; the filing reached the Michigan Secretary of State the next day and the first Model A order followed within a month.
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Happened as dated, per en.wikipedia.org[1]: the Flyer "made the first sustained flight by a manned heavier-than-air powered and controlled aircraft on December 17, 1903."
Orville Wright flew 120 feet in 12 seconds over the sand at Kill Devil Hills, the first sustained flight by a manned, powered, controlled heavier-than-air aircraft. The brothers flew four times that day; Wilbur’s fourth and last covered 852 feet in 59 seconds.
1517 Polk Street, Polk Gulch, Nob Hill, San Francisco, CA 94109, United StatesSwan Oyster Depot
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Wikipedia[1][3] says "It opened there in 1903" and names no month or day, so the pin takes that year's last day.
Swan Oyster Depot opened on Polk Street in 1903 and has run more or less continuously since, pausing only to rebuild after the 1906 earthquake. It is barely a restaurant - a marble counter with about eighteen stools, no tables, no kitchen to speak of - and has been run by the same family for generations, serving the same short list of cold shellfish.
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Wikipedia[3] dates the restaurant to c.1904; Taste Korean Food[4] says 1902 (as Imun Sikdang). Year-only and disputed, so estimated at 1904 (Wikipedia) with the 1902 claim noted. Not the date of the current building (rebuilt after 2011 redevelopment).
Seoul's oldest surviving restaurant, simmering beef leg bones for 17 hours in cast-iron pots for a milky seolleongtang; listed in the MICHELIN Guide.
Howrah Junction railway station, Howrah, West Bengal 711101, IndiaBengal-Nagpur Railway
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FIBIwiki's history of the station states the new building "was brought into service on 1 December 1905," a specific documented date independent of the documentary.[1]
The East Indian Railway brought its new Howrah terminus, designed by Halsey Ricardo, into service across the Hooghly from Kolkata, replacing the original 1854 station building. Its North Wing's six platforms were built to absorb traffic that had grown sharply since the Bengal-Nagpur Railway opened its Calcutta Extension Line into Howrah in 1900.