ESTIMATEDDate confidence: ESTIMATEDA target, not a fixed dateHow firmly the source words the date: confirmed, scheduled, estimated, delayed or unverified.Show all ESTIMATED pins63% CONFIDENCEOverall confidence: 63%How well the pin's source and references back up its dates.Weighted average of how firmly 3 references, the source included, support the pin's start and end times; a reference counts half as much for every 180 days older than the newestShow all pins from 50% to 74% confidence
Given as a target, not a fixed date, per the pin description: "…unting for matter-antimatter asymmetry. Estimated date.…"- Start
- Jun 1, 203150% CONFIDENCEsource
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment Begins
A neutrino beam fired 1,300 km from Fermilab to detectors a mile underground in South Dakota, hunting for matter-antimatter asymmetry. Estimated date.
- Fermilab says its top institutional priority is delivering a neutrino beam to DUNE by 2031; Director Norbert Holtkamp calls DUNE "the largest science project in our laboratory's history"[2]
- The beam is sent from Fermilab in Illinois to detectors at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, 1,300 km away and 1,490 m deep; the far detector is 70 kilotons of liquid argon in four modules[1][2]
- The PIP-II accelerator (expected complete by 2028) will drive the beam, designed at 2.4 MW[1][2]
- Goals: neutrino oscillations and CP violation, mass ordering, supernova neutrinos and proton decay; Hyper-Kamiokande is a competitor[1]
- Cost rose from under $2B to over $3B and the project has been described as "troubled"; in August 2024 a DUNE prototype detector at Fermilab detected its first neutrinos[1]
Cost $5B