Chronopin: upcoming release dates, events and other important dates

The Sphinx Observatory, a research station tunnelled into a 3,571-metre Alpine summit above the Jungfraujoch, was completed in 1937 as one of Europe's most remote scientific buildings.

Kellogg's inaugurates its Trafford Park factory in Manchester, the first Kellogg's plant built outside the United States. Built in ten months, it becomes the largest cereal factory in the British Empire.

Boeing's Model 314 Clipper flying boat made its 38-minute first flight over Puget Sound, piloted by test pilot Eddie Allen. The giant flying boat went on to open Pan Am's first non-stop transatlantic passenger service.

Aragvi opened on Tverskaya Street in 1938 and became the Georgian restaurant of Soviet Moscow - a table for the nomenklatura and their guests, said to have been founded under Beria's patronage, with frescoed cellars beneath the street. It has since closed.

Erich Warsitz flew the He 178 V1 for six minutes from Heinkel’s Marienehe factory airfield at Rostock, the first aircraft ever to fly on the thrust of a turbojet. The undercarriage would not retract and the landing was made by side-slipping.

Germany's 1,350-tonne Krupp-built railway gun Schwerer Gustav fired roughly 48 shells at the Soviet fortress city of Sevastopol in June 1942, its only combat use in the war. Trains as War Machines features the gun as an extreme case of rail warfare.

The International Military Tribunal read its judgment in Courtroom 600 of the Nuremberg Palace of Justice: nineteen of the twenty-two defendants were convicted, twelve were sentenced to death and three were acquitted. It was the first time the leaders of a state were tried by an international court for waging aggressive war and for crimes against humanity.

Captain Chuck Yeager, drop-launched from a B-29 over the Mojave Desert, took X-1 #46-062 "Glamorous Glennis" to Mach 1.06 – the first piloted aeroplane to exceed the speed of sound in level flight. It was XS-1 flight number 50.

Claude Shannon's paper appears in the Bell System Technical Journal, defining the bit, channel capacity and entropy, and founding information theory. Every modem, codec and error-correcting code since rests on it.

Bar Brahma opened in 1948 at the corner of São João and Ipiranga, the crossing Caetano Veloso later sang about, and became the bar where São Paulo's journalists, politicians and musicians drank in the same room. It closed once, reopened under another name, failed, and came back as Bar Brahma again.

Jack Durant opens his steakhouse on North Central Avenue in Phoenix; three-quarters of a century later its red flocked wallpaper and leather horseshoe booths are still the draw.

Peter Canlis opened his restaurant in 1950 on the slope above Lake Union, in a post-and-beam pavilion of glass and stone that became a landmark of north-west modernism, and it has stayed in the family. Its kimono-clad service and copper-fired charcoal grill were both unusual for an American dining room of the period.

BOAC’s G-ALYP took off from London for Johannesburg with fare-paying passengers, the first scheduled jetliner service in the world. Comet flights were about twice as fast as advanced piston airliners and cut London–Johannesburg to 21 hours 20 minutes.

Nature carries Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, the paper in which Francis Crick and James Watson describe the double helix. It runs to two pages and settles how genetic instructions are held and passed on.

A unanimous US Supreme Court held that state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white children violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment - "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" - partially overruling Plessy v. Ferguson and its separate-but-equal doctrine.

France's SNCF pushed two modified electric locomotives to a then-world rail speed record of 331 km/h (206 mph) on a test track near Facture on March 28-29, 1955. An Infrastructural Game Changer cites the run as the moment fast trains overtook cars and planes.

At Ann Arbor, Thomas Francis Jr announced the results of the largest medical field trial ever run - 1.8 million children - and pronounced Jonas Salk's polio vaccine safe, effective and potent. Church bells rang across the United States; within two years American cases had fallen by almost 90 per cent.

Walt Disney's $17 million theme park, built on former orange groves in Anaheim after a chaotic construction rush, opened to press and invited guests as Disneyland.

Yang Bing-yi founded Din Tai Fung in Taipei in 1958, first as a cooking-oil retailer and then as a dumpling house when the oil business failed. Its xiaolongbao, pleated to a standard count of folds, turned a single shop on Xinyi Road into a chain across Asia and the United States.

H.J. Heinz opens its Kitt Green factory near Wigan, which grows into the company's largest food processing plant in the world and Europe's biggest.

Harry Barberian opened his steak house on Elm Street in 1959, in a row of Victorian houses behind Yonge Street, and it has outlasted most of what grew up around it - a dark room of oil paintings and charcoal-grilled beef with one of the deepest wine cellars in Canada dug out beneath it.

A magnitude 9.5 megathrust rupture off southern Chile shook for ten minutes — the strongest earthquake ever instrumentally recorded. Its tsunami crossed the Pacific and struck Hilo, Hawaii, with waves 10.7 m high.

In 1961 General Motors installed the Unimate, the world's first industrial robot, at its New Jersey factory to lift and stack hot die-cast metal parts. Industry 4.0 opens its history of factory automation with this machine.

Sam Walton opened Wal-Mart Discount City on Rogers' Highway 71, his first store under the name after a decade running Ben Franklin variety stores. The format was the bet: lower margins on everything, in towns the big chains had written off as too small.

On October 1, 1964, just nine days before the Tokyo Olympics opened, Japan's Tokaido Shinkansen began carrying passengers between Tokyo and Osaka at over 200 km/h.