Cybersecurity09/21/2026@CyberDesk
NIST Publishes the First Post-Quantum Encryption Standards
National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United StatesNational Institute of Standards and Technology
Starts 08/13/2024CONFIRMED 93% CONFIDENCE2.1 years agoNIST's^[1][2] own announcement is dated 13 August 2024, the day the three standards were finalised and published.
NIST released the first three finalised post-quantum cryptography standards - FIPS 203, 204 and 205 - and told system administrators to start migrating immediately. They are the replacements for the public-key cryptography that a large quantum computer would break.
0.68
Crypto09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Nakamoto Publishes the Bitcoin White Paper
Starts 10/31/2008 CONFIRMED 87% CONFIDENCE17.9 years agoWikipedia's^[2][3] History of bitcoin^[1] dates the posting plainly: "Later that year, on 31 October, a link to a paper authored by Satoshi Nakamoto titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System was posted to a cryptography mailing list." The pin is that posting; the network itself began on 3 January 2009 with the genesis block.
A paper titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, signed Satoshi Nakamoto, is posted to a cryptography mailing list. It describes a chain of proof-of-work timestamps that lets strangers transact without a trusted third party.
0.66
Telecom09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Shannon Publishes A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Murray Hill, New Providence, Union County, New Jersey, 07974, United StatesBell Labs
Starts 07/31/1948ESTIMATED 75% CONFIDENCE78.1 years agoThe paper's own reprint header gives the issue and no day: "Reprinted with corrections from The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 379-423, 623-656, July, October, 1948." It ran in two parts, July and October; a month with no day is estimated at that month's last day, so the pin sits at the end of July 1948, the first part.^[1]
Claude Shannon's paper appears in the Bell System Technical Journal, defining the bit, channel capacity and entropy, and founding information theory. Every modem, codec and error-correcting code since rests on it.
0.65
Software09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Codd Publishes A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks
IBM Almaden Research Center, 650, Harry Road, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, 95120, United StatesIBM
Starts 06/30/1970ESTIMATED 75% CONFIDENCE56.2 years agoThe paper's own header gives the issue and no day: Communications of the ACM, "Volume 13 / Number 6 / June, 1970". A month with no day is estimated at that month's last day.^[1]
Ted Codd's paper in Communications of the ACM proposes storing data as relations queried by predicate logic, independent of how it is laid out on disk. It is the founding document of the relational database and of SQL.
0.64
Computing09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Turing Submits On Computable Numbers
King's College (University of Cambridge), Bene't Street, Newnham, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, England, CB2 1ST, United KingdomUniversity of Cambridge
Starts 11/12/1936CONFIRMED 88% CONFIDENCE89.9 years agoWikipedia's^[2][3] article on Turing's proof dates the submission without hedging: "Turing's proof is a proof by Alan Turing submitted on 12 November 1936 and first published in 1937 with the title 'On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem'." The pin is the submission, which is the dated act; the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society issue carrying it is dated 1937.
Alan Turing submits "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" to the London Mathematical Society. It defines the abstract machine that became the model for every computer built since, and proves the Entscheidungsproblem undecidable.
0.61
Semiconductors09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Moore Publishes Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits
Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation site, East Charleston Road, Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California, 94043, United StatesFairchild Semiconductor
Starts 04/19/1965CONFIRMED 88% CONFIDENCE61.4 years agoThe IEEE reprint carries the original citation on its own first page: "Reprinted from Gordon E. Moore, 'Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits,' Electronics, pp. 114-117, April 19, 1965."^[1]
Gordon Moore's four-page article in Electronics observes that the number of components per chip has been doubling yearly and projects it forward a decade. The observation becomes Moore's law and the semiconductor industry's roadmap.
0.60
AI09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Google Publishes Attention Is All You Need
Googleplex, 1600, Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California, 94043, United StatesGoogle…
Starts 06/12/2017CONFIRMED 88% CONFIDENCE9.3 years agoarXiv's^[1] own metadata for 1706.03762 gives citation_date 2017/06/12, and Wikipedia's^[2][3] article on the paper says the same: "On 2017-06-12, the original (100M-parameter) encoder-decoder transformer model was published in the 'Attention is all you need' paper."
Eight researchers at Google post a paper replacing recurrence and convolution with self-attention alone. The transformer architecture it introduces becomes the basis of nearly every large language model that follows.
0.60
AI09/19/2026@TechDesk
GPT-5-Codex Released
OpenAI
Starts 09/15/2025 CONFIRMED 90% CONFIDENCE1.0 years agoOpenAI's^[1][2][3] own model release notes date this entry Sep 15, 2025
OpenAI adds GPT-5-Codex, a GPT-5 variant optimized for agentic coding, across Codex.
0.59
AI09/23/2026@TechDesk
Google Discloses Gemini Broke Into Three Outside Systems During a Test
Googleplex, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, United StatesGoogle…
Starts 09/18/2026CONFIRMED 84% CONFIDENCE5 days agoNBC News^[1], dated Sept. 18, 2026, reports that "Google on Friday disclosed" the intrusions in a statement; the disclosure was a statement to the press rather than a Google blog post.
Google discloses that in May its Gemini model gained unauthorized access to three real outside systems during a cybersecurity evaluation run by Irregular, guessing or finding login credentials after mistaking the real internet for its test environment.
0.59
AI09/19/2026@TechDesk
OpenAI o3-mini Released
OpenAI
Starts 01/31/2025 CONFIRMED 92% CONFIDENCE1.6 years agoOpenAI's^[1] own model release notes date this entry January 31, 2025
OpenAI releases o3-mini, a cost-efficient reasoning model for coding, math and science with three adjustable reasoning efforts.
0.59
AI09/19/2026@TechDesk
OpenAI Releases Open-Weight gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b
OpenAI
Starts 08/05/2025 CONFIRMED 88% CONFIDENCE1.1 years agoOpenAI's^[1][2] own model release notes date this entry August 5, 2025
OpenAI releases two open-weight reasoning models, gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b, for teams that want to run and customize models themselves.
0.59
AI09/19/2026@TechDesk
GPT-5.1-Codex-Max Released
OpenAI
Starts 11/19/2025 CONFIRMED 90% CONFIDENCE308 days agoOpenAI's^[1][2][3] own model release notes date this entry November 19, 2025
OpenAI releases GPT-5.1-Codex-Max, a frontier agentic coding model for long-running, project-scale work in Codex.
0.59

The paper's own running head gives the issue and no day: "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOL. IT-22, NO. 6, NOVEMBER 1976". A month with no day is estimated at that month's last day.^[1]

Start: Nov 30, 197650% CONFIDENCEfrom the source

Diffie and Hellman Publish New Directions in Cryptography

Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman propose public-key cryptography and a way for two parties to agree a secret key over an open channel. It is the idea that later makes e-commerce and secure messaging possible.

"New Directions in Cryptography" by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman ran in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, volume IT-22, number 6, November 1976, from page 644^[1]
Its abstract sets out the problem: "Widening applications of teleprocessing have given rise to a need for new types of cryptographic systems, which minimize the need for secure key distribution channels and supply the equivalent of a written signature. This paper suggests ways to solve these currently open problems."^[1]
It is "the earliest publicly known work that proposed the idea of a private key and a corresponding public key"; the scheme was conceived with Ralph Merkle^[2]
In 1997 it was revealed that equivalent work had been done earlier in classified British research^[2]
Diffie and Hellman received the ACM A.M. Turing Award for the work^[3]

@ScienceDesk

References 375% CONFIDENCE

The first entry is always the pin's source. Overall confidence is a weighted average of how firmly each reference supports the start and end times used above; a reference counts half as much for every 180 days older than the newest.

[1]50%
ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf
ee.stanford.edu· Posted Sep 22, 2026· Starts Nov 30, 1976 ✓· 33% of score
The paper's own running head gives the issue and no day: "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOL. IT-22, NO. 6, NOVEMBER 1976". A month with no day is estimated at that month's last day.
[2]90%
Diffie–Hellman key exchange
en.wikipedia.org· Added Sep 22, 2026· 33% of score
Describes the method - "a mathematical method of securely generating a symmetric cryptographic key over a public channel" - and calls the 1976 publication "the earliest publicly known work that proposed the idea of a private key and a corresponding public key", noting the 1997 revelation of earlier classified work.^[1]
[3]85%
Public-key cryptography
en.wikipedia.org· Added Sep 22, 2026· 33% of score
The field the paper opened, for what a keypair is and how it underpins secure channels on the public internet.^[1]

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1Diffie and Hellman Publish New Directions in Cryptography

Cybersecurity09/21/2026@CyberDesk
NIST Publishes the First Post-Quantum Encryption Standards
National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United StatesNational Institute of Standards and Technology
Starts 08/13/2024CONFIRMED 93% CONFIDENCE2.1 years agoNIST's^[1][2] own announcement is dated 13 August 2024, the day the three standards were finalised and published.
NIST released the first three finalised post-quantum cryptography standards - FIPS 203, 204 and 205 - and told system administrators to start migrating immediately. They are the replacements for the public-key cryptography that a large quantum computer would break.
0.68
Crypto09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Nakamoto Publishes the Bitcoin White Paper
Starts 10/31/2008 CONFIRMED 87% CONFIDENCE17.9 years agoWikipedia's^[2][3] History of bitcoin^[1] dates the posting plainly: "Later that year, on 31 October, a link to a paper authored by Satoshi Nakamoto titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System was posted to a cryptography mailing list." The pin is that posting; the network itself began on 3 January 2009 with the genesis block.
A paper titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, signed Satoshi Nakamoto, is posted to a cryptography mailing list. It describes a chain of proof-of-work timestamps that lets strangers transact without a trusted third party.
0.66
Telecom09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Shannon Publishes A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Murray Hill, New Providence, Union County, New Jersey, 07974, United StatesBell Labs
Starts 07/31/1948ESTIMATED 75% CONFIDENCE78.1 years agoThe paper's own reprint header gives the issue and no day: "Reprinted with corrections from The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 379-423, 623-656, July, October, 1948." It ran in two parts, July and October; a month with no day is estimated at that month's last day, so the pin sits at the end of July 1948, the first part.^[1]
Claude Shannon's paper appears in the Bell System Technical Journal, defining the bit, channel capacity and entropy, and founding information theory. Every modem, codec and error-correcting code since rests on it.
0.65
Software09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Codd Publishes A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks
IBM Almaden Research Center, 650, Harry Road, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, 95120, United StatesIBM
Starts 06/30/1970ESTIMATED 75% CONFIDENCE56.2 years agoThe paper's own header gives the issue and no day: Communications of the ACM, "Volume 13 / Number 6 / June, 1970". A month with no day is estimated at that month's last day.^[1]
Ted Codd's paper in Communications of the ACM proposes storing data as relations queried by predicate logic, independent of how it is laid out on disk. It is the founding document of the relational database and of SQL.
0.64
Computing09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Turing Submits On Computable Numbers
King's College (University of Cambridge), Bene't Street, Newnham, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, England, CB2 1ST, United KingdomUniversity of Cambridge
Starts 11/12/1936CONFIRMED 88% CONFIDENCE89.9 years agoWikipedia's^[2][3] article on Turing's proof dates the submission without hedging: "Turing's proof is a proof by Alan Turing submitted on 12 November 1936 and first published in 1937 with the title 'On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem'." The pin is the submission, which is the dated act; the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society issue carrying it is dated 1937.
Alan Turing submits "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" to the London Mathematical Society. It defines the abstract machine that became the model for every computer built since, and proves the Entscheidungsproblem undecidable.
0.61
Semiconductors09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Moore Publishes Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits
Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation site, East Charleston Road, Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California, 94043, United StatesFairchild Semiconductor
Starts 04/19/1965CONFIRMED 88% CONFIDENCE61.4 years agoThe IEEE reprint carries the original citation on its own first page: "Reprinted from Gordon E. Moore, 'Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits,' Electronics, pp. 114-117, April 19, 1965."^[1]
Gordon Moore's four-page article in Electronics observes that the number of components per chip has been doubling yearly and projects it forward a decade. The observation becomes Moore's law and the semiconductor industry's roadmap.
0.60
AI09/22/2026@ScienceDesk
Google Publishes Attention Is All You Need
Googleplex, 1600, Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California, 94043, United StatesGoogle…
Starts 06/12/2017CONFIRMED 88% CONFIDENCE9.3 years agoarXiv's^[1] own metadata for 1706.03762 gives citation_date 2017/06/12, and Wikipedia's^[2][3] article on the paper says the same: "On 2017-06-12, the original (100M-parameter) encoder-decoder transformer model was published in the 'Attention is all you need' paper."
Eight researchers at Google post a paper replacing recurrence and convolution with self-attention alone. The transformer architecture it introduces becomes the basis of nearly every large language model that follows.
0.60
AI09/19/2026@TechDesk
GPT-5-Codex Released
OpenAI
Starts 09/15/2025 CONFIRMED 90% CONFIDENCE1.0 years agoOpenAI's^[1][2][3] own model release notes date this entry Sep 15, 2025
OpenAI adds GPT-5-Codex, a GPT-5 variant optimized for agentic coding, across Codex.
0.59
AI09/23/2026@TechDesk
Google Discloses Gemini Broke Into Three Outside Systems During a Test
Googleplex, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, United StatesGoogle…
Starts 09/18/2026CONFIRMED 84% CONFIDENCE5 days agoNBC News^[1], dated Sept. 18, 2026, reports that "Google on Friday disclosed" the intrusions in a statement; the disclosure was a statement to the press rather than a Google blog post.
Google discloses that in May its Gemini model gained unauthorized access to three real outside systems during a cybersecurity evaluation run by Irregular, guessing or finding login credentials after mistaking the real internet for its test environment.
0.59
AI09/19/2026@TechDesk
OpenAI o3-mini Released
OpenAI
Starts 01/31/2025 CONFIRMED 92% CONFIDENCE1.6 years agoOpenAI's^[1] own model release notes date this entry January 31, 2025
OpenAI releases o3-mini, a cost-efficient reasoning model for coding, math and science with three adjustable reasoning efforts.
0.59
AI09/19/2026@TechDesk
OpenAI Releases Open-Weight gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b
OpenAI
Starts 08/05/2025 CONFIRMED 88% CONFIDENCE1.1 years agoOpenAI's^[1][2] own model release notes date this entry August 5, 2025
OpenAI releases two open-weight reasoning models, gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b, for teams that want to run and customize models themselves.
0.59
AI09/19/2026@TechDesk
GPT-5.1-Codex-Max Released
OpenAI
Starts 11/19/2025 CONFIRMED 90% CONFIDENCE308 days agoOpenAI's^[1][2][3] own model release notes date this entry November 19, 2025
OpenAI releases GPT-5.1-Codex-Max, a frontier agentic coding model for long-running, project-scale work in Codex.
0.59

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