United States Supreme Court Building, 1 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20543, United States
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The decision was handed down on 17 May 1954, the date carried by the opinion itself in 347 U.S. 483.[1]
A unanimous US Supreme Court held that state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white children violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment - "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" - partially overruling Plessy v. Ferguson and its separate-but-equal doctrine.
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The cited source supports the branch opening year; the final day of that year is an estimated timeline anchor, not a verified opening day.[1]
Venice Pizza House Since 1954 in City Heights. Published specials, menus and service conditions are shown in the restaurant details.
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The operator dates the move to the current 847 Orange Avenue premises and the Night and Day name to 1954. The earlier D and D Cafe began two doors away in 1927; that is not this location’s opening. December 31 is an estimated year anchor.[1]
Night & Day Cafe in Coronado. Published specials, menus and service conditions are shown in the restaurant details.
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French railway history sources (docrail.fr[2], Wikipedia’s[3] SNCF Class CC 7100 article) date the 331 km/h record run to March 28-29, 1955, crediting both the CC 7107 and BB 9004.
France's SNCF pushed two modified electric locomotives to a then-world rail speed record of 331 km/h (206 mph) on a test track near Facture on March 28-29, 1955. An Infrastructural Game Changer cites the run as the moment fast trains overtook cars and planes.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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The field trial results were announced at the University of Michigan on 12 April 1955, the date the announcement itself carries.[1]
At Ann Arbor, Thomas Francis Jr announced the results of the largest medical field trial ever run - 1.8 million children - and pronounced Jonas Salk's polio vaccine safe, effective and potent. Church bells rang across the United States; within two years American cases had fallen by almost 90 per cent.
Lee Street, Des Plaines, Maine Township, Cook County, Illinois, 60018, United StatesMcDonald's
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CulinaryLore[1] says Kroc's first franchise opened "in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955" and Wikipedia's[2][3] McDonald's article gives the start date as 15 April 1955 in Des Plaines and says the corporation "credits its founding to franchised businessman Ray Kroc on April 15, 1955".
On 15 April 1955 Ray Kroc opened his first McDonald's franchise restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois, the ninth McDonald's overall, a date the present McDonald's Corporation credits as its founding.
Roy E. Disney - Feature Animation Building, Riverside Drive, Burbank, Los Angeles County, California, 91521, United StatesWalt Disney Animation Studios
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Wikipedia's[2][3] article for the film and its list of Walt Disney Animation Studios films give the US release as 22 June 1955.
Lady and the Tramp is a 1955 American animated musical romantic comedy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Film Distribution. It reached US theaters on 22 June 1955.
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Happened as dated, per the source[1]: "Disneyland opens | July 17, 1955."
Walt Disney's $17 million theme park, built on former orange groves in Anaheim after a chaotic construction rush, opened to press and invited guests as Disneyland.
Les Galeries, Avenue du Général-Eisenhower, Quartier des Champs-Élysées, Paris 8e Arrondissement, Paris, Île-de-France, France métropolitaine, 75008, FranceCitroën
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Wikipedia[1][2][3]: "the DS 19 was introduced on 6 October 1955, at the Paris Motor Show"; the BBC's[4] 50th-anniversary report confirms the car went on display at the Paris car show in 1955 with 12,000 orders on day one.
The Citroën DS 19 was introduced at the Paris Motor Show on 6 October 1955; 743 orders came in the first 15 minutes, 12,000 on the first day and 80,000 deposits over the ten-day show.
New York Stock Exchange, 11 Wall Street, New York, New York, United StatesFord
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The Motley Fool[4] says Ford "first went public on Jan. 17, 1956" and Benzinga's "This Day In Market History" (17 January 2018) marks the 62nd anniversary of the offering on that day.
On 17 January 1956 Ford sold 10.2 million shares at US$64.50 in an offering run by Goldman Sachs, with the Ford Foundation as the only seller, ending 53 years as a privately held company.
Avenida Almirante Reis 1H, 1150-007 Lisbon, PortugalRamiro
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Opened on April 7, 1956, per ricavida.pt. Restaurant information verified October 9, 2026.[1]
A Lisbon seafood institution known for shellfish and a casual, busy dining room.
Suez Canal Authority, شارع الجمهوريه, الدائرة الجمركية, سيريا, بورسعيد, 42529, مصرSuez Canal Authority
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The US State[1][2] Department's Office of the Historian, its FRUS volume, the National Army Museum and Wikipedia[3] all give 26 July 1956; the Suez Canal[4] Authority also names the nationalisation as a turning point.
On 26 July 1956 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser announced the nationalisation of the Suez Canal Company in a broadcast from Alexandria, while Egyptian officials took over its offices. Britain and France were outraged, setting up the Suez Crisis.
Suez Canal Authority, شارع الجمهوريه, الدائرة الجمركية, سيريا, بورسعيد, 42529, مصرSuez Canal Authority
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The Office of the Historian, the National Army Museum and Wikipedia[3][4][5] (Operation Kadesh) agree that Israel attacked on 29 October 1956; Kadesh adds that air attacks began at about 3 pm.
Israeli forces attacked across the Sinai Peninsula on 29 October 1956 as part of a secret plan with Britain and France to retake the Suez Canal. British and French landings followed within days, then a UN-backed ceasefire and withdrawal under US pressure.
Renton Municipal Airport, West Perimeter Road, Renton, King County, Washington, 98057, United StatesBoeing Commercial Airplanes
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Boeing's own 50th-anniversary release says "Friday, Dec. 20, 1957"; This Day in Aviation[2] and Wikipedia[3] give the same date for the first flight of the first production 707-120.
The first production Boeing 707-120 took off from Renton Municipal Airport on 20 December 1957, flew for seven minutes before weather forced a landing at Boeing Field, and flew again for 71 minutes later that day.
Long Beach Airport, Lakewood Boulevard, Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California, 90846, United StatesDouglas Aircraft Company
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This Day in Aviation[1]: the crew were "scheduled to take off from Long Beach Airport ... at 10:00 a.m." and, after a ten minute fog delay, "Taking off at 10:10 a.m." on 30 May 1958 (PDT, UTC-7).
Douglas test pilot Arnold Heimerdinger flew the first DC-8 jetliner, N8008D, from Long Beach on 30 May 1958 to Edwards Air Force Base, a flight of about two hours before a crowd estimated at 50,000.
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The Computer History[2][3] Museum's 'This Day in History' entry for September 12 records Kilby's successful test at Texas Instruments in 1958; TI's blog and ETHW[4] confirm the 1958 demonstration (ETHW gives only 'September 1958').
On 12 September 1958 Texas Instruments engineer Jack Kilby successfully tested the first working integrated circuit, a phase-shift oscillator on a sliver of germanium with its components linked by wires.
Din Tai Fung, 19, Songgao Road, Xicun Village, Xinyi District, Xingya, Taipei, 110, TaiwanDin Tai Fung
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The article gives the founding year only - 1958 - so the pin takes that year's last day.[1]
Yang Bing-yi founded Din Tai Fung in Taipei in 1958, first as a cooking-oil retailer and then as a dumpling house when the oil business failed. Its xiaolongbao, pleated to a standard count of folds, turned a single shop on Xinyi Road into a chain across Asia and the United States.
San Diego International Airport, Bayshore Bikeway, San Diego, San Diego County, California, 92147, United StatesConvair
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This Day in Aviation[1] (quoting a 1959 UPI report), Airways and Wikipedia[2] all give 27 January 1959; This Day in Aviation places it at Lindbergh Field, San Diego.
The first Convair 880, a four-jet airliner built with Howard Hughes and TWA, took off from Lindbergh Field in San Diego on 27 January 1959 on a flight scheduled for about two hours.
Roy E. Disney - Feature Animation Building, Riverside Drive, Burbank, Los Angeles County, California, 91521, United StatesWalt Disney Animation Studios
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Wikipedia's[2][3] article for the film and its list of Walt Disney Animation Studios films give the US release as 29 January 1959. The Numbers[4] lists domestic release(s): January 29th, 1959 (Wide) by Walt Disney March 21st, 1986 (Limited) by Walt Disney.
Sleeping Beauty is a 1959 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Film Distribution. It reached US theaters on 29 January 1959.
The Beverly Hilton, Santa Monica Boulevard, Beverly Hills, Los Angeles County, California, 90067, United StatesRecording Academy
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Grammy.com[1][2]'s history piece says 'On May 4, 1959, a black-tie dinner and awards presentation was held at the Grand Ballroom of the Beverly Hilton in Los Angeles'; no start time is given, so the pin is the all-day date.
The first Grammy Awards were held on 4 May 1959 at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, with a simultaneous event in New York; Domenico Modugno's "Volare" won Record and Song of the Year and Henry Mancini's The Music From Peter Gunn won Album of the Year.
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Wikipedia's[3] H. J. Heinz, Wigan article dates the Kitt Green factory's opening to 21 May 1959.
H.J. Heinz opens its Kitt Green factory near Wigan, which grows into the company's largest food processing plant in the world and Europe's biggest.
The Beverly Hilton, Merv Griffin Way, Beverly Hills, Los Angeles County, California, 90067, United StatesRecording Academy
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Wikipedia[2][3][4]: "The 2nd Annual Grammy[1][5] Awards were held on November 29, 1959, at Los Angeles and New York"; its NBC Sunday Showcase article adds "On November 29, 1959, Sunday Showcase presented The 2nd Annual Grammy Awards". No start time is given, so the pin is the all-day date.
At the 2nd Annual Grammy Awards on 29 November 1959, the first Grammys to be televised and the second held that year, Bobby Darin won Record of the Year and Best New Artist for "Mack the Knife", while Frank Sinatra's Come Dance with Me took Album of the Year and Jimmy Driftwood's "The Battle of New Orleans" won Song of the Year.
Barrage de Malpasset, Piste d'Ambon, Fréjus, Draguignan, Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France métropolitaine, 83603, FranceDépartement du Var
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Wikipedia[1][3], the Fréjus Tourist Office and the European Rivers Network all date the collapse to 2 December 1959; the tourist office gives 21:13 as the time of failure.
The thin arch Malpasset Dam on the Reyran River collapsed on the night of 2 December 1959 after weeks of rain, flooding Fréjus on the French Riviera and killing 423 people.
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Estimated: White Rabbit milk candy first reached the market under that brand in 1959. Its predecessor dates to 1943; that is not the White Rabbit brand launch. The exact day and current retail pack date are not established. Timeline uses the last day of the sourced year/month window, not a claimed exact launch day.[1]
Sweet and creamy, with a soft, chewy texture. This row covers the original milk candy in the bundle.
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The USGS[2][3] catalogue gives 1960-05-22T19:11:20Z as the origin time of event official19600522191120_30; the source[1] states "19:11:14 UTC, 15:11:14 local time", six seconds earlier, and the catalogue value is used here.
A magnitude 9.5 megathrust rupture off southern Chile shook for ten minutes — the strongest earthquake ever instrumentally recorded. Its tsunami crossed the Pacific and struck Hilo, Hawaii, with waves 10.7 m high.
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Taste Korean Food[1] headline and text say "since 1960". Single source, year-only, so estimated.
Myeongdong chicken shop credited with introducing Korea to electric rotisserie whole chicken (tongdak) in 1960, also serving samgyetang.
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Wikipedia[3], the Henry Ford museum and Guinness World Records[2] all date the first Unimate installation to 1961, but none give a specific month or day.
In 1961 General Motors installed the Unimate, the world's first industrial robot, at its New Jersey factory to lift and stack hot die-cast metal parts. Industry 4.0 opens its history of factory automation with this machine.
Roy E. Disney - Feature Animation Building, Riverside Drive, Burbank, Los Angeles County, California, 91521, United StatesWalt Disney Animation Studios
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Wikipedia's[2][3] article for the film and its list of Walt Disney Animation Studios films give the US release as 25 January 1961.
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (also known as 101 Dalmatians) is a 1961 American animated adventure comedy film produced by Walt Disney Productions with distribution by Buena Vista Distribution. It reached US theaters on 25 January 1961.
