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The 380-seat A340-600, the longest and largest Airbus airliner to date, flew for the first time on 23 April 2001 from Toulouse, a 5 hour 22 minute flight at over 300 tonnes. Airbus targeted certification and service entry for mid-2002.

The first A340-500, powered by four Rolls-Royce Trent 500 engines, flew for 5 hours 52 minutes from Toulouse-Blagnac on 11 February 2002, captained by Jacques Rosay.

On 12 December 2006 EASA and the FAA handed Airbus the A380 type certificates at a ceremony in Toulouse, ten months before the first delivery. It was the first large aircraft certified by EASA.

On 15 October 2007 Airbus handed the first A380 to Singapore Airlines at its Toulouse delivery centre, 18 months after the original plan. The aircraft, 9V-SKA, carried 471 seats in three classes.

The first A330-200F freighter, F-WWYE, took off from Toulouse-Blagnac on 5 November 2009 for a flight of about 3 hours 50 minutes that opened a 180-hour test programme.

On 1 December 2010 Airbus announced the A320neo, offering CFM LEAP-X or Pratt & Whitney PW1100G engines and Sharklets for up to 15 percent lower fuel burn.

ATR handed over the first two ATR 72-600s, the new "-600" series with a five-screen glass cockpit and Armonia cabin, to launch operator Royal Air Maroc in Toulouse on 19 August 2011.

On 10 November 2011 Airbus announced that production of the A340 had ended, twenty years after the quadjet's first flight. Airbus said no new A340s would be built because of low orders, while it would keep supporting the fleet.

The first A350-900, MSN1 F-WXWB, took off from Toulouse-Blagnac at 10:00 local time on 14 June 2013 and flew for 4 hours 5 minutes over south-western France, opening a 2,500-hour flight-test campaign.

The first A320neo, F-WNEO with Pratt & Whitney PW1100G engines, flew from Toulouse-Blagnac on 25 September 2014, starting a 3,000-hour test campaign.

EASA issued the type certificate for the Airbus A350-900 on 30 September 2014 after more than 2,600 flight-test hours on five aircraft; FAA certification followed on 12 November.

Airbus handed over the first A350-900 to launch customer Qatar Airways at a ceremony in Toulouse on 22 December 2014, seven years after the airline placed its launch order at the Paris Air Show.

Lufthansa received the first A320neo on 20 January 2016, the launch customer for Pratt & Whitney-powered neos that Airbus said burn 15 percent less fuel.

The first A350-1000, MSN059 with Trent XWB-97 engines, flew from Toulouse-Blagnac on 24 November 2016 for 4 hours 18 minutes, starting a sub-one-year, three-aircraft test campaign.

The first A330neo, an A330-900 (MSN1795) with Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 engines, took off from Toulouse on 19 October 2017 and flew 4 hours 13 minutes. Airbus planned 1,100 flight hours for certification.

The A350-1000 received type certificates from both EASA and the FAA on 21 November 2017, less than a year after its first flight and after more than 1,600 flight-test hours on three aircraft.

Airbus handed over the world's first A350-1000 to launch customer Qatar Airways at Toulouse on 20 February 2018, the first Airbus aircraft fitted with the Qsuite business class, which flew its first revenue service four days later.

Airbus delivered the first A350-900ULR, MSN220 9V-SGA, to launch customer Singapore Airlines on 22 September 2018; the 161-seat, 9,700 nm aircraft restarted the Singapore-Newark nonstop three weeks later.

EASA certified the A330-900 on 26 September 2018 after about 1,400 flight-test hours in under a year. Airbus said FAA certification would follow shortly and the first delivery to TAP Air Portugal in the coming weeks.

Airbus delivered the first A330-900 to launch operator TAP Air Portugal on 26 November 2018, a 298-seat aircraft leased from Avolon. TAP will take 20 more A330-900s and use them on routes to the Americas and Africa.

On 14 February 2019 Airbus said it would stop delivering the A380 in 2021 after Emirates cut its order from 162 to 123 aircraft. Emirates ordered 40 A330-900s and 30 A350-900s worth US$21.4 billion at list prices instead.

A partially configured ATR 42-600S short take-off and landing prototype flew for 2 hours 15 minutes from Francazal airport on 11 May 2022, with the final larger rudder to be added by year-end.

On 13 November 2024 ATR said it would end development of the ATR 42-600S short-take-off variant, citing a smaller market and supply-chain problems, after 20 commitments and a 2022 first flight.

The first A350-1000ULR, MSN707 F-WULR, flew from Toulouse on 2 June 2026 for 3 hours 43 minutes, starting a two-month campaign to certify the rear centre tank that lets Qantas plan 22-hour Project Sunrise flights.