Virginia SB 253 (Sen. Louise Lucas, D-Portsmouth) would shift energy infrastructure costs from residential ratepayers to data centers served by Dominion Energy. The SCC estimated residential rates would drop ~3.4% (~$5.52/month) while data center rates would rise ~15.8%. The bill passed the Senate nearly unanimously and the House 66-32 on March 3, 2026. Gov. Abigail Spanberger returned the bill with amendments in mid-April that lawmakers and Dominion say weaken it, including retroactively limiting Dominion's earnings in the current rate cycle. Lawmakers reconvened April 22, 2026 to consider the amendments. If rejected, Spanberger would have to sign or veto as originally passed. VERIFIED 2026-05-26: SB 253 (Lucas cost-shift) was signed by Gov. Spanberger in mid-May 2026 (effective July 1) after the General Assembly rejected most of her amendments; it creates a GS-5 rate class shifting grid-infrastructure costs onto data centers, though one accepted amendment (dropping the PJM cost-shift requirement) weakened it.
Two Wisconsin PSC dockets address data center rate structures. Docket 6630-TE-113: We Energies proposed a 'Very Large Customer' rate class for customers with electricity demands above 500 MW (targeting hyperscale data centers like Microsoft in Mount Pleasant). Over 200 people joined virtual hearings on Feb 10-11, 2026, with ~85% of speakers voicing concerns about the proposal, urging that tech companies pay their full share of infrastructure costs. Critics argue the proposal would only require data centers to pay 75% of infrastructure costs, leaving 25% subsidized by the public. Docket 6680-TE-115: Alliant Energy's Individual Contract Rate Agreement to serve a data center campus in Beaver Dam (widely assumed to be Meta). The PSC required Alliant to refile the contract with fewer redactions after advocates raised transparency concerns. A coalition of 42 environmental justice, faith, conservation, and community organizations submitted formal comments voicing concerns about the proposals. VERIFIED 2026-05-26: On April 24, 2026 the Wisconsin PSC adopted a "full-benefits" model requiring data centers to pay 100% of their costs, extended the minimum term to 15 years, and lowered the threshold from 500 MW to 100 MW (removing the 75% capacity-only option) — a ratepayer-protection win.
Requires new data centers with 20+ MW demand to generate their own power off-grid, with a 10-year transition for existing facilities and $1 million/day penalties for violations. Also requires public disclosure of current and projected utility usage. Introduced by Senators Josh Hawley (R-MO) and Richard Blumenthal (D-CT).
HB 1265 would establish a one-year moratorium on new data center construction and create a study committee examining environmental impacts. Introduced by Rep. Peter Schmidt (D-Dover). Supporters cited that 100,000 sq ft data centers use up to 5 MW of electricity and 5 million gallons of water daily. Committee did not take immediate action after February 11 hearing.
Washington HB 2515, the comprehensive data center regulation bill, passed the House 51-41 but died in the Senate. It would have required utilities to develop tariffs preventing financial risk to other customers, mandated annual sustainability reports, and prevented data centers from receiving free carbon credits. Instead, the Legislature passed SB 5982, which clarifies that large customers including data centers must meet the same clean energy deadlines as utilities and directs the UTC to establish reporting requirements. The Data Center Workgroup is expected to issue its final report later in 2026.
Wisconsin SB 1061 would have imposed a moratorium on new data center construction until the state established a data center planning authority, prohibited cost-shifting to residents, eliminated subsidies, mandated public reporting, required 100% renewable energy, restored PSC planning authority, prohibited NDAs, and created enforcement structures. Introduced Feb 26, 2026 by Sens. Larson and Carpenter with cosponsors Madison, Hong, Moore Omokunde, Clancy, Cruz, and Tenorio. Companion AB 1099 is in the Assembly Energy and Utilities Committee. SB 1061 failed to pass pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 1 on March 23, 2026.
Colorado: Two competing approaches: SB 26-102 requires data centers to pay full electricity and grid investment costs, mandates hourly matching of 100% renewable electricity from new sources starting 2031, and prohibits discounted 'economic development rates' for data centers consuming 30+ MW. The competing HB 26-1030 takes the opposite approach with a 20-year sales/use tax exemption for qualifying data centers. VERIFIED 2026-05-26: Both major Colorado data center bills died — SB 26-102 (community-protective guardrails) postponed indefinitely May 11 (a loss), and HB 26-1030 (pro-development 20-yr tax break) postponed indefinitely May 7 (a win). Sponsor plans to refile SB 26-102 next year.
HB 593 (Rep. Josh Bray, R) requires data centers to cover transmission and infrastructure costs, generate their own power or purchase on the open market, with a $75,000 nonrefundable application fee. Unanimously passed the House Economic Development and Workforce Investment Committee on Feb 26, 2026. A companion bill HB 544 (Reps. Adam Moore & William Lawrence) prohibits utilities from serving data centers with 100+ MW aggregate capacity without a PSC-approved specific tariff. As of late March 2026, HB 593 is advancing in the Senate. Both bills aim to ensure data center costs are not passed to ratepayers and tie tax breaks to compliance with local zoning. HB 593 passed the Kentucky House 90-8 but DIED in the Senate as the legislative session closed on April 15-16, 2026, without a floor vote. Sponsor Rep. Josh Bray indicated he will refile in the 2027 session. UPDATE 2026-04-21: Bill died April 15-16, 2026 as the legislative session ended. HB 593 passed the House 90-8 but stalled in the Senate. An SB 197 revival attempt was stripped on the final day.