California AB 1577 (Asm. Bauer-Kahan), as of March 2026 amended and re-referred to the Committee on Utilities and Energy, would require the California Energy Commission to establish a process for data center owners to submit monthly information including location, size, power usage effectiveness, water usage effectiveness, total water consumption, and fuel consumed by onsite generators. After Big Tech blocked stricter California data center rules in 2025 (leaving only a 2027 study requirement), AB 1577's reporting framework is the lone surviving regulatory bill of its kind. Locally, Monterey Park enacted a temporary moratorium and voters will consider a permanent ban in June 2026.
South Carolina HB 4583, the South Carolina Data Center Responsibility Act (bipartisan: Reps. Cromer, Gilreath, Oremus, Chumley, White, Reese, Lawson, Atkinson), introduced January 13, 2026, mandates closed-loop cooling systems requiring zero net water withdrawal and net zero wastewater discharge, and prohibits data centers from extracting groundwater or using municipal water for cooling. As of early 2026, the bill remains in the House. Companion bills include S 867 (data center development), H 902 (data centers), and H 724 (commercial data center water usage report). Part of a broader SC legislative push as the state hosts billions in Google data center investment. VERIFIED 2026-05-26: Did not advance before South Carolina's regular session adjourned May 14, 2026 (carryover possible in the 2-year biennium). The SC Senate did pass budget provisos requiring annual data center water-use reporting ($10k/day penalty) and an economic-incentive moratorium.
California introduced several data center bills in 2026: SB 886 requires the PUC to establish a special tariff to protect ratepayers from data center transmission costs. SB 887 allows data centers to be eligible for Environmental Leadership Development Project streamlining if they are net-zero water. SB 1014 gives local governments authority to regulate data center noise and emissions. These bills represent California's comprehensive approach to data center regulation.
Maryland HB 120 (Dels. Fisher, Chisholm, Morgan, Szeliga - all R) would prohibit any person or government unit from constructing or approving construction of a data center until the General Assembly enacts companion co-location legislation tying data centers to new or existing power generation (natural gas, nuclear, or SMRs). Scheduled for committee hearing in early February 2026. Maryland has no cohesive statewide policy; January 2026 reporting indicates additional proposals for PSC operating certificate requirements for large data centers. The Department of Environment, Maryland Energy Administration, and University of Maryland School of Business will produce a data center impact study by September 1, 2026 (climate study bill became law via veto override). HB 560 (separate, Del. Palakovich Karr D) would repeal data center sales/use and property tax exemptions. VERIFIED 2026-05-26: HB 120 (moratorium tying data centers to co-located generation) did not advance out of House Environment & Transportation; MD sine die Apr 13, 2026. The omnibus Utility RELIEF Act (HB 1532) was the surviving vehicle.
SB 235 (Microgrid Oversight Act) would have required the Public Regulation Commission to develop rules for any microgrid producing more than 20 MW, granted regulators oversight over approval and operation of microgrids, and required proof of ability to meet state renewable energy standards for microgrids coming online after May 2026. The bill passed the New Mexico Senate 22-20 but did not advance in the House before the session ended, effectively dying. The bill was motivated by concerns about data center 'microgrids' circumventing the state's Energy Transition Act requirements, particularly regarding Project Jupiter in Dona Ana County.