法律投稿 2026/09/212026/09/21 20:05@PoliticsDesk タイムラインへ

Clinton Signs Permanent Normal Trade Relations With China

開始 2000/10/10

地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Establish Diplomatic Relations
Embassy of the United States, Liangmaqiao Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, ChinaUS Department of State
開始 1979/01/01確定確度 82%47.7 年前The Office of the Historian states that "the Joint Communiqué stated that the United States would begin official diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on January 1, 1979, and that the two countries would open Embassies on March 1". The agreement itself was announced on 15 December 1978.^[1]
From 1 January 1979 Washington recognised the People's Republic as the sole legal government of China and withdrew recognition from Taipei, ending thirty years in which the United States had treated the Republic of China on Taiwan as the government of all China.
0.64
経済2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
中国製品への通商法301条に基づく最初の関税が発動
Office of the United States Trade Representative, 600 17th Street NW, Washington, DC, United StatesOffice of the United States Trade Representative
開始 2018/07/06確定確度 82%8.2 年前USTR^[1]の2018年6月15日付発表は、"税関・国境警備局は2018年7月6日に追加関税の徴収を開始する"と記している。
米税関は2018年7月6日、818品目、約340億ドル相当の中国からの輸入品に25%の追加関税の徴収を開始した。貿易戦争の口火を切る措置であり、米国が主要な貿易相手国にこの規模の課税を行うのは1930年代以来のことだった。
0.61
経済2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Sign the Phase One Trade Deal
East Room, The White House, Washington, DC, United StatesThe White House
開始 2020/01/15確定確度 83%6.7 年前USTR^[1][3] states that "the United States and China signed an historic and enforceable agreement on a Phase One trade deal on January 15, 2020".
After eighteen months of escalating tariffs the two sides signed an 'historic and enforceable agreement' in the East Room on 15 January 2020 — purchase commitments, intellectual-property rules and a ban on forced technology transfer. Most of the tariffs stayed in place.
0.61
地政学2026/09/15@BuildDesk
China's Ministry of Commerce Cuts Rare Earth Export Quotas by 72%
Beijing, ChinaMinistry of Commerce of China
開始 2010/07/09確定確度 90%16.2 年前Bloomberg^[2] reported the Ministry of Commerce's 72% cut to second-half 2010 rare earth export quotas, citing the official quota figures, on July 9, 2010.
China's Ministry of Commerce slashed its second-half 2010 rare earth export quotas by 72%, tightening its grip on the roughly 97% of global rare earth supply it mined at the time. The move, framed as an environmental crackdown on unregulated mining, sent rare earth prices soaring within days.
0.60
経済2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
China Joins the World Trade Organization
Centre William Rappard, Rue de Lausanne 154, Geneva, SwitzerlandWorld Trade Organization
開始 2001/12/11確定確度 82%24.8 年前The WTO's^[1][3] own member page states that "China has been a member of WTO since 11 December 2001", thirty days after the Doha Ministerial Conference approved the accession on 10 November.
China became the WTO's 143rd member on 11 December 2001, fifteen years after applying. Its export share of world trade roughly quadrupled over the next two decades, and the bargain struck in Doha is still what the tariff argument is about.
0.59
地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
トランプ氏、アンドルーズ統合基地で習近平氏を出迎え
Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, United StatesThe White House
開始 2026/09/23 22:30予定確度 83%今日9月23日の大統領日程には「中華人民共和国主席との到着式典」として「6:00 PM ― 大統領がホワイトハウスを出発し、アンドルーズ統合基地へ向かう」と記載されている。APは習氏と彭麗媛氏が「水曜夜にアンドルーズ統合基地に到着する見込み」と伝えている。東部時間18:30は6 PM出発からの推定で、SCMP^[9]が先に伝えた「午後4時ごろ」に代わるもの。
トランプ大統領は2026年9月23日午後4時ごろ、アンドルーズ統合基地の駐機場で習近平国家主席と彭麗媛夫人を出迎える。米大統領が外国元首を空港で迎えることはほとんどない異例の待遇だ。9月23〜25日の国賓訪問の幕開けで、習氏のワシントン訪問は2015年以来となる。
0.59
地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Issue the Shanghai Communiqué
Jinjiang Hotel, Maoming South Road, Shanghai, ChinaUS Department of State
開始 1972/02/27確定確度 87%54.6 年前Foreign Relations of the United States prints the joint statement under the dateline "Shanghai, February 27, 1972". It is often dated 28 February, the day it reached readers in the United States and the visit's last day; this pin follows the document's own dateline.^[1]
At the end of Nixon's visit the two governments published a joint statement setting out, separately, what each believed about Taiwan. Washington said it 'acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain that there is but one China' — the sentence US policy has rested on ever since.
0.59
金融2023/05/04@ThePinGang
China rolls out a further 1 trillion yuan in economic stimulus ($146 billion dollars)
開始 2022/08/24 確定確度 87%4.1 年前Happened as dated, per the pin description: "…ng infrastructure projects. Tight rules were announced alongside the measures that require the proje…"
Among the allowances, state policy banks were given an additional 300 billion yuan ($44 billion) focused mainly on financing infrastructure projects. Tight rules were announced alongside the measures that require the projects to be profit-making and targeted.
Local governments were given the green light to use more than 500 billion yuan ($73 billion) of existing special bond quotas and were promised reduced financing costs through interest-rate changes.
Amid an energy crisis sparked by severe droughts and heat waves, the cabinet said central-government-run electricity firms will be allowed to sell 200 billion yuan ($29 billion) in special debt to ensure adequate energy supply.
$146B
0.58
地政学2026/09/23@PoliticsDesk
米国・デンマーク・グリーンランド、北極圏安全保障協定に署名
Headquarters of the United Nations, 760 United Nations Plaza, Manhattan, New York
開始 2026/09/22確定確度 86%昨日協定本文の「2026年9月22日、ニューヨークにおいて作成」との記載に基づき確定として扱う。時刻は報じられておらず（NBC6の予定表には「10:40 AM: トランプ大統領が三者署名式に出席」とあるが、ホワイトハウスの写真には11:19 AM EDTの刻印がある）、終日の日付として扱う。^[1]
トランプ大統領、デンマークのメッテ・フレデリクセン首相、グリーンランドのイェンス＝フレデリク・ニールセン首相が国連本部で協定に署名。米国はナルサルスアクとメステルスビーに防衛区域を追加し、ピツフィク宇宙軍基地を拡張できる。NATO非加盟国によるグリーンランドでの軍事施設設置を禁じ、期限は定められていない。
0.56
地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
Carter Welcomes Deng Xiaoping to the White House
South Lawn, The White House, Washington, DC, United StatesThe White House
開始 1979/01/29 15:12確定確度 83%47.7 年前The American Presidency Project's note on the remarks states that "the President spoke at 10:12 a.m. on the South Lawn of the White House" on 29 January 1979; 10:12 a.m. EST is 15:12Z.^[1]
Four weeks after relations began, Deng Xiaoping stood on the South Lawn for a full arrival ceremony — the first visit to Washington by a leader of Communist China. He went on to charm Congress and the press, and to be photographed in a ten-gallon hat at a Texas rodeo.
0.56
健康2026/09/23@HealthDesk
J&J Signs a Drug-Pricing Deal With Trump and Joins TrumpRx
Johnson & Johnson World Headquarters, 1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08933, United StatesJohnson & Johnson…
開始 2026/01/08確定確度 86%258 日前J&J's release is datelined "New Brunswick, N.J. – JANUARY 8, 2026" and says the company "today announced a voluntary agreement with the Trump Administration"; coverage followed on 9 January.^[1]
Johnson & Johnson signed a voluntary most-favored-nation drug-pricing agreement with the Trump administration, selling medicines through TrumpRx.gov and to Medicaid at prices comparable to other developed countries in exchange for an exemption from pharmaceutical tariffs, and announced two new US plants in Pennsylvania and North Carolina.
0.56
地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
Nixon Becomes the First US President to Visit China
Great Hall of the People, Beijing, ChinaMinistry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
1972/02/21〜1972/02/28確定確度 82%54.6 年前The Office of the Historian states that "Nixon travelled to Communist China February 21–28, 1972, becoming the first U.S. President to visit mainland China while in office", and the Shanghai Communiqué itself records the visit as running "from February 21 to February 28, 1972".^[1]
Richard Nixon spent 21 to 28 February 1972 in Beijing, Hangzhou and Shanghai, meeting Mao Zedong on the day he arrived. No sitting US president had set foot in the People's Republic, and the two governments had had no diplomatic relations for 23 years.
0.56

The Statutes at Large text carries the note "Oct. 10, 2000 - [H.R. 4444]" against the enacting clause of Public Law 106-286.^[1]

開始: 2000年10月10日確度 90%出典：出典

Clinton Signs Permanent Normal Trade Relations With China

Public Law 106-286 ended the annual congressional fight over China's trade status and cleared the last American obstacle to its entry into the WTO. It is the single act that opened the United States market to Chinese manufacturing on permanent terms.

H.R. 4444 became Public Law 106-286 on 10 October 2000: an Act "to authorize extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the People's Republic of China, and to establish a framework for relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China"^[1]
Division A ends the application of chapter 1 of title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 — the Jackson-Vanik annual review — to China, which is what made the treatment permanent rather than yearly^[1]
It takes effect on the day China accedes to the World Trade Organization, so the statute waited on Geneva rather than the other way round^[1][2]
Division B sets up the Congressional-Executive Commission on the People's Republic of China to report annually on human rights and the rule of law, and provides relief from market disruption^[1]
Without it China's WTO accession would have obliged the United States to invoke the non-application clause; with it, American tariffs on Chinese goods became bound and predictable^[2][3]

@PoliticsDesk

参考資料 3確度 78%

最初の項目は常にピンの出典です。全体の確度は、各資料が上記の開始・終了時刻をどれだけ強く裏付けているかの加重平均です。最新の資料より180日古くなるごとに、重みは半分になります。

[1]90%
govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-106publ286/html/PLAW-106publ286.htm
govinfo.gov· 投稿 2026年9月21日· 開始 2000年10月10日 ✓· スコアの 33%
The Statutes at Large text carries the note "Oct. 10, 2000 - [H.R. 4444]" against the enacting clause of Public Law 106-286.
[2]75%
United States–China Relations Act of 2000 (Wikipedia)
en.wikipedia.org· 追加 2026年9月21日· スコアの 33%
The Act's passage, its link to WTO accession and the debate over its effect on American manufacturing employment.^[1]
[3]70%
China and the World Trade Organization (Wikipedia)
en.wikipedia.org· 追加 2026年9月21日· スコアの 33%
Why permanent treatment from the United States was a precondition of a workable accession.^[1]

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地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Establish Diplomatic Relations
Embassy of the United States, Liangmaqiao Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, ChinaUS Department of State
開始 1979/01/01確定確度 82%47.7 年前The Office of the Historian states that "the Joint Communiqué stated that the United States would begin official diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on January 1, 1979, and that the two countries would open Embassies on March 1". The agreement itself was announced on 15 December 1978.^[1]
From 1 January 1979 Washington recognised the People's Republic as the sole legal government of China and withdrew recognition from Taipei, ending thirty years in which the United States had treated the Republic of China on Taiwan as the government of all China.
0.64
経済2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
中国製品への通商法301条に基づく最初の関税が発動
Office of the United States Trade Representative, 600 17th Street NW, Washington, DC, United StatesOffice of the United States Trade Representative
開始 2018/07/06確定確度 82%8.2 年前USTR^[1]の2018年6月15日付発表は、"税関・国境警備局は2018年7月6日に追加関税の徴収を開始する"と記している。
米税関は2018年7月6日、818品目、約340億ドル相当の中国からの輸入品に25%の追加関税の徴収を開始した。貿易戦争の口火を切る措置であり、米国が主要な貿易相手国にこの規模の課税を行うのは1930年代以来のことだった。
0.61
経済2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Sign the Phase One Trade Deal
East Room, The White House, Washington, DC, United StatesThe White House
開始 2020/01/15確定確度 83%6.7 年前USTR^[1][3] states that "the United States and China signed an historic and enforceable agreement on a Phase One trade deal on January 15, 2020".
After eighteen months of escalating tariffs the two sides signed an 'historic and enforceable agreement' in the East Room on 15 January 2020 — purchase commitments, intellectual-property rules and a ban on forced technology transfer. Most of the tariffs stayed in place.
0.61
地政学2026/09/15@BuildDesk
China's Ministry of Commerce Cuts Rare Earth Export Quotas by 72%
Beijing, ChinaMinistry of Commerce of China
開始 2010/07/09確定確度 90%16.2 年前Bloomberg^[2] reported the Ministry of Commerce's 72% cut to second-half 2010 rare earth export quotas, citing the official quota figures, on July 9, 2010.
China's Ministry of Commerce slashed its second-half 2010 rare earth export quotas by 72%, tightening its grip on the roughly 97% of global rare earth supply it mined at the time. The move, framed as an environmental crackdown on unregulated mining, sent rare earth prices soaring within days.
0.60
経済2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
China Joins the World Trade Organization
Centre William Rappard, Rue de Lausanne 154, Geneva, SwitzerlandWorld Trade Organization
開始 2001/12/11確定確度 82%24.8 年前The WTO's^[1][3] own member page states that "China has been a member of WTO since 11 December 2001", thirty days after the Doha Ministerial Conference approved the accession on 10 November.
China became the WTO's 143rd member on 11 December 2001, fifteen years after applying. Its export share of world trade roughly quadrupled over the next two decades, and the bargain struck in Doha is still what the tariff argument is about.
0.59
地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
トランプ氏、アンドルーズ統合基地で習近平氏を出迎え
Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, United StatesThe White House
開始 2026/09/23 22:30予定確度 83%今日9月23日の大統領日程には「中華人民共和国主席との到着式典」として「6:00 PM ― 大統領がホワイトハウスを出発し、アンドルーズ統合基地へ向かう」と記載されている。APは習氏と彭麗媛氏が「水曜夜にアンドルーズ統合基地に到着する見込み」と伝えている。東部時間18:30は6 PM出発からの推定で、SCMP^[9]が先に伝えた「午後4時ごろ」に代わるもの。
トランプ大統領は2026年9月23日午後4時ごろ、アンドルーズ統合基地の駐機場で習近平国家主席と彭麗媛夫人を出迎える。米大統領が外国元首を空港で迎えることはほとんどない異例の待遇だ。9月23〜25日の国賓訪問の幕開けで、習氏のワシントン訪問は2015年以来となる。
0.59
地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Issue the Shanghai Communiqué
Jinjiang Hotel, Maoming South Road, Shanghai, ChinaUS Department of State
開始 1972/02/27確定確度 87%54.6 年前Foreign Relations of the United States prints the joint statement under the dateline "Shanghai, February 27, 1972". It is often dated 28 February, the day it reached readers in the United States and the visit's last day; this pin follows the document's own dateline.^[1]
At the end of Nixon's visit the two governments published a joint statement setting out, separately, what each believed about Taiwan. Washington said it 'acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain that there is but one China' — the sentence US policy has rested on ever since.
0.59
金融2023/05/04@ThePinGang
China rolls out a further 1 trillion yuan in economic stimulus ($146 billion dollars)
開始 2022/08/24 確定確度 87%4.1 年前Happened as dated, per the pin description: "…ng infrastructure projects. Tight rules were announced alongside the measures that require the proje…"
Among the allowances, state policy banks were given an additional 300 billion yuan ($44 billion) focused mainly on financing infrastructure projects. Tight rules were announced alongside the measures that require the projects to be profit-making and targeted.
Local governments were given the green light to use more than 500 billion yuan ($73 billion) of existing special bond quotas and were promised reduced financing costs through interest-rate changes.
Amid an energy crisis sparked by severe droughts and heat waves, the cabinet said central-government-run electricity firms will be allowed to sell 200 billion yuan ($29 billion) in special debt to ensure adequate energy supply.
$146B
0.58
地政学2026/09/23@PoliticsDesk
米国・デンマーク・グリーンランド、北極圏安全保障協定に署名
Headquarters of the United Nations, 760 United Nations Plaza, Manhattan, New York
開始 2026/09/22確定確度 86%昨日協定本文の「2026年9月22日、ニューヨークにおいて作成」との記載に基づき確定として扱う。時刻は報じられておらず（NBC6の予定表には「10:40 AM: トランプ大統領が三者署名式に出席」とあるが、ホワイトハウスの写真には11:19 AM EDTの刻印がある）、終日の日付として扱う。^[1]
トランプ大統領、デンマークのメッテ・フレデリクセン首相、グリーンランドのイェンス＝フレデリク・ニールセン首相が国連本部で協定に署名。米国はナルサルスアクとメステルスビーに防衛区域を追加し、ピツフィク宇宙軍基地を拡張できる。NATO非加盟国によるグリーンランドでの軍事施設設置を禁じ、期限は定められていない。
0.56
地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
Carter Welcomes Deng Xiaoping to the White House
South Lawn, The White House, Washington, DC, United StatesThe White House
開始 1979/01/29 15:12確定確度 83%47.7 年前The American Presidency Project's note on the remarks states that "the President spoke at 10:12 a.m. on the South Lawn of the White House" on 29 January 1979; 10:12 a.m. EST is 15:12Z.^[1]
Four weeks after relations began, Deng Xiaoping stood on the South Lawn for a full arrival ceremony — the first visit to Washington by a leader of Communist China. He went on to charm Congress and the press, and to be photographed in a ten-gallon hat at a Texas rodeo.
0.56
健康2026/09/23@HealthDesk
J&J Signs a Drug-Pricing Deal With Trump and Joins TrumpRx
Johnson & Johnson World Headquarters, 1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08933, United StatesJohnson & Johnson…
開始 2026/01/08確定確度 86%258 日前J&J's release is datelined "New Brunswick, N.J. – JANUARY 8, 2026" and says the company "today announced a voluntary agreement with the Trump Administration"; coverage followed on 9 January.^[1]
Johnson & Johnson signed a voluntary most-favored-nation drug-pricing agreement with the Trump administration, selling medicines through TrumpRx.gov and to Medicaid at prices comparable to other developed countries in exchange for an exemption from pharmaceutical tariffs, and announced two new US plants in Pennsylvania and North Carolina.
0.56
地政学2026/09/21@PoliticsDesk
Nixon Becomes the First US President to Visit China
Great Hall of the People, Beijing, ChinaMinistry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
1972/02/21〜1972/02/28確定確度 82%54.6 年前The Office of the Historian states that "Nixon travelled to Communist China February 21–28, 1972, becoming the first U.S. President to visit mainland China while in office", and the Shanghai Communiqué itself records the visit as running "from February 21 to February 28, 1972".^[1]
Richard Nixon spent 21 to 28 February 1972 in Beijing, Hangzhou and Shanghai, meeting Mao Zedong on the day he arrived. No sitting US president had set foot in the People's Republic, and the two governments had had no diplomatic relations for 23 years.
0.56

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