ÉconomiePublié 21/09/202621/09/2026 à 20:06@PoliticsDesk Vers la chronologie

The United States and China Sign the Phase One Trade Deal

Commence le 15/01/2020

Géopolitique21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Establish Diplomatic Relations
Embassy of the United States, Liangmaqiao Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, ChinaUS Department of State
Commence le 01/01/1979CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 82 %il y a 47,7 ansThe Office of the Historian states that "the Joint Communiqué stated that the United States would begin official diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on January 1, 1979, and that the two countries would open Embassies on March 1". The agreement itself was announced on 15 December 1978.^[1]
From 1 January 1979 Washington recognised the People's Republic as the sole legal government of China and withdrew recognition from Taipei, ending thirty years in which the United States had treated the Republic of China on Taiwan as the government of all China.
0.71
Économie21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Entrée en vigueur des premiers droits de douane au titre de la Section 301 sur les produits chinois
Office of the United States Trade Representative, 600 17th Street NW, Washington, DC, United StatesOffice of the United States Trade Representative
Commence le 06/07/2018CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 82 %il y a 8,2 ansLe communiqué de l'USTR^[1] du 15 juin 2018 indique que "les douanes et la protection des frontières commenceront à percevoir les droits supplémentaires le 6 juillet 2018".
Les douanes américaines ont commencé à percevoir 25 % de droits supplémentaires sur 818 lignes tarifaires représentant environ 34 milliards de dollars d'importations chinoises le 6 juillet 2018 : le coup d'envoi de la guerre commerciale et la première fois depuis les années 1930 que les États-Unis taxaient un grand partenaire commercial à cette échelle.
0.70
Géopolitique21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Issue the Shanghai Communiqué
Jinjiang Hotel, Maoming South Road, Shanghai, ChinaUS Department of State
Commence le 27/02/1972CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 87 %il y a 54,6 ansForeign Relations of the United States prints the joint statement under the dateline "Shanghai, February 27, 1972". It is often dated 28 February, the day it reached readers in the United States and the visit's last day; this pin follows the document's own dateline.^[1]
At the end of Nixon's visit the two governments published a joint statement setting out, separately, what each believed about Taiwan. Washington said it 'acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain that there is but one China' — the sentence US policy has rested on ever since.
0.69
Droit21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Clinton Signs Permanent Normal Trade Relations With China
The White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, United StatesThe White House
Commence le 10/10/2000CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 78 %il y a 26 ansThe Statutes at Large text carries the note "Oct. 10, 2000 - [H.R. 4444]" against the enacting clause of Public Law 106-286.^[1]
Public Law 106-286 ended the annual congressional fight over China's trade status and cleared the last American obstacle to its entry into the WTO. It is the single act that opened the United States market to Chinese manufacturing on permanent terms.
0.69
Semi-conducteurs23/09/2026@TechDesk
US and Taiwan Sign a $250 Billion Chip Investment Deal
TSMC…U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20230, United States
Commence le 15/01/2026CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 86 %il y a 251 joursCNBC^[1], published 15 January 2026: 'The U.S. and Taiwan have reached a trade agreement ... the Department of Commerce announced Thursday'; USTR's^[2] February fact sheet dates the 'Memorandum of Understanding signed by AIT and TECRO on January 15, 2026'. No signing time is given, so it is an all-day date.
A memorandum signed in Washington commits Taiwanese chipmakers such as TSMC to at least $250 billion of new US investment plus $250 billion in Taiwan credit guarantees, in return for a 15% tariff cap and Section 232 chip-tariff exemptions for companies building US fabs.
0.68
Économie21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
China Joins the World Trade Organization
Centre William Rappard, Rue de Lausanne 154, Geneva, SwitzerlandWorld Trade Organization
Commence le 11/12/2001CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 82 %il y a 24,8 ansThe WTO's^[1][3] own member page states that "China has been a member of WTO since 11 December 2001", thirty days after the Doha Ministerial Conference approved the accession on 10 November.
China became the WTO's 143rd member on 11 December 2001, fifteen years after applying. Its export share of world trade roughly quadrupled over the next two decades, and the bargain struck in Doha is still what the tariff argument is about.
0.67
Finance04/05/2023@ThePinGang
China rolls out a further 1 trillion yuan in economic stimulus ($146 billion dollars)
Commence le 24/08/2022 CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 87 %il y a 4,1 ansHappened as dated, per the pin description: "…ng infrastructure projects. Tight rules were announced alongside the measures that require the proje…"
Among the allowances, state policy banks were given an additional 300 billion yuan ($44 billion) focused mainly on financing infrastructure projects. Tight rules were announced alongside the measures that require the projects to be profit-making and targeted.
Local governments were given the green light to use more than 500 billion yuan ($73 billion) of existing special bond quotas and were promised reduced financing costs through interest-rate changes.
Amid an energy crisis sparked by severe droughts and heat waves, the cabinet said central-government-run electricity firms will be allowed to sell 200 billion yuan ($29 billion) in special debt to ensure adequate energy supply.
$146B
0.64
Santé23/09/2026@HealthDesk
J&J Signs a Drug-Pricing Deal With Trump and Joins TrumpRx
Johnson & Johnson World Headquarters, 1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08933, United StatesJohnson & Johnson…
Commence le 08/01/2026CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 86 %il y a 258 joursJ&J's release is datelined "New Brunswick, N.J. – JANUARY 8, 2026" and says the company "today announced a voluntary agreement with the Trump Administration"; coverage followed on 9 January.^[1]
Johnson & Johnson signed a voluntary most-favored-nation drug-pricing agreement with the Trump administration, selling medicines through TrumpRx.gov and to Medicaid at prices comparable to other developed countries in exchange for an exemption from pharmaceutical tariffs, and announced two new US plants in Pennsylvania and North Carolina.
0.64
Semi-conducteurs21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Les contrôles à l'exportation américains privent la Chine des puces avancées
Herbert C. Hoover Building, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, United StatesBureau of Industry and Security
Commence le 07/10/2022CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 80 %il y a 4 ansLa section DATES de la règle indique : "Entrent en vigueur le 7 octobre 2022 les instructions suivantes : 7 (§ 740.2), 9 (§ 740.10), 11 (§ 742.6), 17 (§ 744.23) et 25" ; des instructions ultérieures sont entrées en vigueur les 12 et 21 octobre. Pas de date de fin : les contrôles ne comportent aucune clause d'extinction et ont depuis été élargis.^[1]
La règle du département du Commerce entrée en vigueur le 7 octobre 2022 a soumis à licence les puces de calcul avancées, les outils pour les fabriquer et les Américains qui en assurent la maintenance. C'est la rupture la plus nette dans la relation technologique depuis 1979.
0.63
Géopolitique23/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Les États-Unis, le Danemark et le Groenland signent un accord de sécurité dans l'Arctique
Headquarters of the United Nations, 760 United Nations Plaza, Manhattan, New York
Commence le 22/09/2026CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 86 %hierDate considérée comme certaine, conformément au texte de l'accord : « Fait à New York le 22 septembre 2026 » ; l'heure n'est pas communiquée (le programme de NBC6 indiquait « 10:40 AM : le président Trump participe à une signature trilatérale », mais une photo de la Maison-Blanche porte l'horodatage 11:19 AM EDT), la date est donc retenue sans heure précise.^[1]
Le président Trump, la Première ministre danoise Mette Frederiksen et le Premier ministre groenlandais Jens-Frederik Nielsen ont signé au siège de l'ONU un pacte autorisant les États-Unis à créer des zones de défense à Narsarsuaq et Mestersvig et à agrandir la base spatiale de Pituffik. Il interdit aux États non membres de l'OTAN toute installation militaire au Groenland et n'a pas de date d'expiration.
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Géopolitique21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Trump accueille Xi Jinping à la base Andrews
Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, United StatesThe White House
Commence le 23/09/2026 22:30PROGRAMMÉ CONFIANCE 83 %Aujourd'huiL'agenda du président pour le 23 septembre mentionne « 6:00 PM - LE PRÉSIDENT quitte la Maison-Blanche en direction de la Joint Base Andrews » pour la « cérémonie d'arrivée avec le président de la République populaire de Chine » ; l'AP indique que Xi et Peng Liyuan « devraient arriver à la Joint Base Andrews mercredi soir ». 18h30 ET est une estimation fondée sur le départ à 6 PM ; cela remplace l'horaire « vers 16 heures » indiqué plus tôt par le SCMP^[9].
Trump accueillera Xi Jinping et Peng Liyuan sur le tarmac de la Joint Base Andrews vers 16 heures le 23 septembre 2026, un honneur que les présidents américains n'accordent presque jamais à un chef d'État en visite. Cela ouvre la visite d'État de Xi du 23 au 25 septembre, sa première à Washington depuis 2015.
0.62
Transports15/09/2026@BuildDesk
Egypt Signs $4.5BN Contract for Its First High-Speed Rail Line
Ain Sokhna, Suez, EgyptSiemens Mobility
Commence le 01/09/2021CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 88 %il y a 5,1 ansHappened as dated, per the source^[1]: "The Siemens-led consortium was awarded a $4.5 billion contract to build the lines from Ain Sokhna to Marsa Matruh and to Alexandria in September 2021".
A Siemens-led consortium signed a $4.5 billion contract to build Egypt's first electrified high-speed rail line, aiming to replace one of the world's deadliest rail networks.
$4.50
0.62

USTR^[1][3] states that "the United States and China signed an historic and enforceable agreement on a Phase One trade deal on January 15, 2020".

Début: 15 janv. 2020CONFIANCE 90 %selon la source

The United States and China Sign the Phase One Trade Deal

After eighteen months of escalating tariffs the two sides signed an 'historic and enforceable agreement' in the East Room on 15 January 2020 — purchase commitments, intellectual-property rules and a ban on forced technology transfer. Most of the tariffs stayed in place.

"The United States and China signed an historic and enforceable agreement on a Phase One trade deal on January 15, 2020", USTR records; the agreement "requires structural reforms and other changes to China's economic and trade regime"^[1]
Its chapters cover intellectual property, technology transfer, agriculture, financial services, expanding trade and dispute resolution^[1]
The technology-transfer chapter "prohibits the forcing or pressuring of foreign companies to transfer their technology as a condition for market access, administrative approvals, or receipt of any advantages"^[1]
The intellectual-property chapter addresses trade secrets, patents and pharmaceutical IP, geographical indications, trademarks and enforcement against pirated and counterfeit goods^[1]
It addresses the acts and practices USTR identified in the Section 301 investigation that produced the 2018 tariffs^[1][3]
Trump called it "a momentous step — one that has never been taken before with China — toward a future of fair and reciprocal trade"^[1]
The deal did not undo the tariff schedule: most Section 301 duties remained, and China fell well short of its purchase commitments over 2020 and 2021^[2]

@PoliticsDesk

Références 3CONFIANCE 83 %

La première entrée est toujours la source de l’épingle. La confiance globale est une moyenne pondérée de la fermeté avec laquelle chaque référence étaye les heures de début et de fin retenues ci-dessus ; une référence compte moitié moins pour chaque tranche de 180 jours d’ancienneté par rapport à la plus récente.

[1]90%
ustr.gov/phase-one
ustr.gov· Publié le 21 sept. 2026· Début 15 janv. 2020 ✓· 50 % du score
USTR^[3] states that "the United States and China signed an historic and enforceable agreement on a Phase One trade deal on January 15, 2020".
[2]75%
China–United States trade war (Wikipedia)
en.wikipedia.org· Ajouté le 21 sept. 2026· 50 % du score
What happened afterwards: the tariffs that stayed and the purchase shortfall over 2020 and 2021.^[1]
[3]85%
USTR Issues Tariffs on Chinese Products in Response to Unfair Trade Practices (Office of the United States Trade Representative)
ustr.gov· Publié le 15 juin 2018· 0 % du score
The Section 301 action whose findings the agreement addresses, and the tariff schedule the deal left largely in place.^[1]

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Géopolitique21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Establish Diplomatic Relations
Embassy of the United States, Liangmaqiao Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, ChinaUS Department of State
Commence le 01/01/1979CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 82 %il y a 47,7 ansThe Office of the Historian states that "the Joint Communiqué stated that the United States would begin official diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on January 1, 1979, and that the two countries would open Embassies on March 1". The agreement itself was announced on 15 December 1978.^[1]
From 1 January 1979 Washington recognised the People's Republic as the sole legal government of China and withdrew recognition from Taipei, ending thirty years in which the United States had treated the Republic of China on Taiwan as the government of all China.
0.71
Économie21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Entrée en vigueur des premiers droits de douane au titre de la Section 301 sur les produits chinois
Office of the United States Trade Representative, 600 17th Street NW, Washington, DC, United StatesOffice of the United States Trade Representative
Commence le 06/07/2018CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 82 %il y a 8,2 ansLe communiqué de l'USTR^[1] du 15 juin 2018 indique que "les douanes et la protection des frontières commenceront à percevoir les droits supplémentaires le 6 juillet 2018".
Les douanes américaines ont commencé à percevoir 25 % de droits supplémentaires sur 818 lignes tarifaires représentant environ 34 milliards de dollars d'importations chinoises le 6 juillet 2018 : le coup d'envoi de la guerre commerciale et la première fois depuis les années 1930 que les États-Unis taxaient un grand partenaire commercial à cette échelle.
0.70
Géopolitique21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
The United States and China Issue the Shanghai Communiqué
Jinjiang Hotel, Maoming South Road, Shanghai, ChinaUS Department of State
Commence le 27/02/1972CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 87 %il y a 54,6 ansForeign Relations of the United States prints the joint statement under the dateline "Shanghai, February 27, 1972". It is often dated 28 February, the day it reached readers in the United States and the visit's last day; this pin follows the document's own dateline.^[1]
At the end of Nixon's visit the two governments published a joint statement setting out, separately, what each believed about Taiwan. Washington said it 'acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain that there is but one China' — the sentence US policy has rested on ever since.
0.69
Droit21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Clinton Signs Permanent Normal Trade Relations With China
The White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, United StatesThe White House
Commence le 10/10/2000CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 78 %il y a 26 ansThe Statutes at Large text carries the note "Oct. 10, 2000 - [H.R. 4444]" against the enacting clause of Public Law 106-286.^[1]
Public Law 106-286 ended the annual congressional fight over China's trade status and cleared the last American obstacle to its entry into the WTO. It is the single act that opened the United States market to Chinese manufacturing on permanent terms.
0.69
Semi-conducteurs23/09/2026@TechDesk
US and Taiwan Sign a $250 Billion Chip Investment Deal
TSMC…U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20230, United States
Commence le 15/01/2026CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 86 %il y a 251 joursCNBC^[1], published 15 January 2026: 'The U.S. and Taiwan have reached a trade agreement ... the Department of Commerce announced Thursday'; USTR's^[2] February fact sheet dates the 'Memorandum of Understanding signed by AIT and TECRO on January 15, 2026'. No signing time is given, so it is an all-day date.
A memorandum signed in Washington commits Taiwanese chipmakers such as TSMC to at least $250 billion of new US investment plus $250 billion in Taiwan credit guarantees, in return for a 15% tariff cap and Section 232 chip-tariff exemptions for companies building US fabs.
0.68
Économie21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
China Joins the World Trade Organization
Centre William Rappard, Rue de Lausanne 154, Geneva, SwitzerlandWorld Trade Organization
Commence le 11/12/2001CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 82 %il y a 24,8 ansThe WTO's^[1][3] own member page states that "China has been a member of WTO since 11 December 2001", thirty days after the Doha Ministerial Conference approved the accession on 10 November.
China became the WTO's 143rd member on 11 December 2001, fifteen years after applying. Its export share of world trade roughly quadrupled over the next two decades, and the bargain struck in Doha is still what the tariff argument is about.
0.67
Finance04/05/2023@ThePinGang
China rolls out a further 1 trillion yuan in economic stimulus ($146 billion dollars)
Commence le 24/08/2022 CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 87 %il y a 4,1 ansHappened as dated, per the pin description: "…ng infrastructure projects. Tight rules were announced alongside the measures that require the proje…"
Among the allowances, state policy banks were given an additional 300 billion yuan ($44 billion) focused mainly on financing infrastructure projects. Tight rules were announced alongside the measures that require the projects to be profit-making and targeted.
Local governments were given the green light to use more than 500 billion yuan ($73 billion) of existing special bond quotas and were promised reduced financing costs through interest-rate changes.
Amid an energy crisis sparked by severe droughts and heat waves, the cabinet said central-government-run electricity firms will be allowed to sell 200 billion yuan ($29 billion) in special debt to ensure adequate energy supply.
$146B
0.64
Santé23/09/2026@HealthDesk
J&J Signs a Drug-Pricing Deal With Trump and Joins TrumpRx
Johnson & Johnson World Headquarters, 1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08933, United StatesJohnson & Johnson…
Commence le 08/01/2026CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 86 %il y a 258 joursJ&J's release is datelined "New Brunswick, N.J. – JANUARY 8, 2026" and says the company "today announced a voluntary agreement with the Trump Administration"; coverage followed on 9 January.^[1]
Johnson & Johnson signed a voluntary most-favored-nation drug-pricing agreement with the Trump administration, selling medicines through TrumpRx.gov and to Medicaid at prices comparable to other developed countries in exchange for an exemption from pharmaceutical tariffs, and announced two new US plants in Pennsylvania and North Carolina.
0.64
Semi-conducteurs21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Les contrôles à l'exportation américains privent la Chine des puces avancées
Herbert C. Hoover Building, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, United StatesBureau of Industry and Security
Commence le 07/10/2022CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 80 %il y a 4 ansLa section DATES de la règle indique : "Entrent en vigueur le 7 octobre 2022 les instructions suivantes : 7 (§ 740.2), 9 (§ 740.10), 11 (§ 742.6), 17 (§ 744.23) et 25" ; des instructions ultérieures sont entrées en vigueur les 12 et 21 octobre. Pas de date de fin : les contrôles ne comportent aucune clause d'extinction et ont depuis été élargis.^[1]
La règle du département du Commerce entrée en vigueur le 7 octobre 2022 a soumis à licence les puces de calcul avancées, les outils pour les fabriquer et les Américains qui en assurent la maintenance. C'est la rupture la plus nette dans la relation technologique depuis 1979.
0.63
Géopolitique23/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Les États-Unis, le Danemark et le Groenland signent un accord de sécurité dans l'Arctique
Headquarters of the United Nations, 760 United Nations Plaza, Manhattan, New York
Commence le 22/09/2026CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 86 %hierDate considérée comme certaine, conformément au texte de l'accord : « Fait à New York le 22 septembre 2026 » ; l'heure n'est pas communiquée (le programme de NBC6 indiquait « 10:40 AM : le président Trump participe à une signature trilatérale », mais une photo de la Maison-Blanche porte l'horodatage 11:19 AM EDT), la date est donc retenue sans heure précise.^[1]
Le président Trump, la Première ministre danoise Mette Frederiksen et le Premier ministre groenlandais Jens-Frederik Nielsen ont signé au siège de l'ONU un pacte autorisant les États-Unis à créer des zones de défense à Narsarsuaq et Mestersvig et à agrandir la base spatiale de Pituffik. Il interdit aux États non membres de l'OTAN toute installation militaire au Groenland et n'a pas de date d'expiration.
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Géopolitique21/09/2026@PoliticsDesk
Trump accueille Xi Jinping à la base Andrews
Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, United StatesThe White House
Commence le 23/09/2026 22:30PROGRAMMÉ CONFIANCE 83 %Aujourd'huiL'agenda du président pour le 23 septembre mentionne « 6:00 PM - LE PRÉSIDENT quitte la Maison-Blanche en direction de la Joint Base Andrews » pour la « cérémonie d'arrivée avec le président de la République populaire de Chine » ; l'AP indique que Xi et Peng Liyuan « devraient arriver à la Joint Base Andrews mercredi soir ». 18h30 ET est une estimation fondée sur le départ à 6 PM ; cela remplace l'horaire « vers 16 heures » indiqué plus tôt par le SCMP^[9].
Trump accueillera Xi Jinping et Peng Liyuan sur le tarmac de la Joint Base Andrews vers 16 heures le 23 septembre 2026, un honneur que les présidents américains n'accordent presque jamais à un chef d'État en visite. Cela ouvre la visite d'État de Xi du 23 au 25 septembre, sa première à Washington depuis 2015.
0.62
Transports15/09/2026@BuildDesk
Egypt Signs $4.5BN Contract for Its First High-Speed Rail Line
Ain Sokhna, Suez, EgyptSiemens Mobility
Commence le 01/09/2021CONFIRMÉ CONFIANCE 88 %il y a 5,1 ansHappened as dated, per the source^[1]: "The Siemens-led consortium was awarded a $4.5 billion contract to build the lines from Ain Sokhna to Marsa Matruh and to Alexandria in September 2021".
A Siemens-led consortium signed a $4.5 billion contract to build Egypt's first electrified high-speed rail line, aiming to replace one of the world's deadliest rail networks.
$4.50
0.62

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